Sulforaphane

One of the most potent plant-derived anti-cancer compounds, activating hundreds of detox genes at once.

What it is

Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate produced when cruciferous vegetables — especially broccoli sprouts — are chewed. It activates the Nrf2 pathway, the master regulator of cellular detoxification and antioxidant defence. Broccoli sprouts contain 10–100× more sulforaphane precursor than mature broccoli.

Why it matters

Via Nrf2 activation, sulforaphane upregulates hundreds of Phase II detoxification enzymes simultaneously. It also inhibits HDAC enzymes (epigenetic mechanism), induces cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis. The Fahey and Talalay research group at Johns Hopkins has dedicated decades to sulforaphane research in cancer prevention and treatment.

The evidence

Clinical trials at Johns Hopkins show sulforaphane reduces PSA doubling time in prostate cancer. Studies in Barrett's oesophagus, breast cancer, and bladder cancer show meaningful clinical effects. Sulforaphane from broccoli sprouts is significantly more bioavailable than from mature broccoli because myrosinase enzyme is more active in sprouts.

This information is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Always discuss supplement use with your care team, particularly if you are undergoing active cancer treatment.

Dosing

30–100mg active sulforaphane daily. Broccoli sprout extracts vary enormously — look for products specifying active sulforaphane content or those using glucoraphanin + myrosinase together (to activate in the gut). Fresh homegrown broccoli sprouts are highly cost-effective and potent.

Cautions

Cooking destroys myrosinase enzyme needed to convert glucoraphanin to sulforaphane — eat raw or very lightly steamed. Goitrogenic at very high doses — space from thyroid medications. Discuss with oncologist regarding timing near chemotherapy.